The study of physics exam success or failure attributions of junior high school students can help secondary school physics teachers understand the attribution characteristics of students and adopt the correct methods to guide them to make reasonable attributions for different students, thus promoting their psychological health development and improving their academic performance at the same time. In this study, we used literature research method, questionnaire survey method and quantitative research method to investigate the characteristics of junior high school students’ attributions for success or failure in physics exams, and discussed the application of attributions in secondary school physics teaching countermeasures, which has some practical reference value for secondary school physics teachers’ teaching work, using a total of 621 students in 12 classes of junior high school and junior high school grades in three schools in Yueyang City.