The Government Work Report describes China’s reality in an all-round way from the political, economic, social, cultural and ecological perspectives, which is of great significance for displaying China’s image, explaining China’s concept, and enhancing the international world’s understanding of China. Based on the Russian translation of China’s Government Work Report for 2020, this paper will discuss the translation strategies of special Chinese expressions in the Russian version from the perspective of vocabulary translation. In order to provide method and reference for the future translation of Russian external publicity materials, the author analyzes the translation characteristics and methods of Chinese expressions in Russian, and discusses the principles followed in the Russian translation of the Government Work Report.