Early mathematical ability is an essential part of young children’s cognitive development and is closely related to the development of visual-motor integration (VMI) skills. A systematic review was conducted by selecting relevant literature on the relationship between VMI and early mathematical ability, using CiteSpace for visual bibliometric analysis. The review found that foreign studies generally confirm the relationship between the two, but the specific mechanism of their association is still unclear due to the lack of systematic VMI intervention methods. Additionally, the debate over the hierarchical relationship between VMI and fine motor skills makes it difficult to further extend and infer research perspectives on the macro level of motor development. Suggestions for future research include: (1) actively promoting localized research; (2) clarifying the hierarchical relationship between VMI and fine motor skills; (3) proposing systematic intervention methods for children’s VMI; (4) exploring the mechanism by which VMI affects early mathematical ability in depth.