As an official sports event, esports has drawn extensive attention from all sectors of society. Meanwhile, the development of adolescents’ attention has gained importance in various fields. Therefore, this paper aims to systematically review and analyze relevant research, opening up new paths for adolescent education and laying a theoretical foundation for the potential application of esports in the field of adolescent education. Specifically, esports can enhance adolescents’ attention concentration training, as well as their abilities in attention allocation and transfer. This enables them to focus more intently, screen information more effectively, perceive and process spatial information better, rationally allocate cognitive resources, and make appropriate decisions. Additionally, esports can increase the content of gray and white matter in the brain and trigger activation state changes of varying degrees in brain activity, exerting a positive and beneficial influence. Consequently, this study concludes that esports can serve as one of the effective ways to improve adolescents’ attention.