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青少年篮球教练员心理韧性和领导行为：职业倦怠的中介效应

The Relationship between Psychological Resilience and Leadership Behaviors of Chinese Youth Basketball Coaches: A Mediating Effect of Burnout

中国体育研究 / 2024,6(4)：449-464 / 2024-11-15 94 67

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• 作者： 梁永琳¹      张国栋²     
• 单位：

  1．重庆对外经贸学院体育学院，重庆；
  2．西南大学体育学院，重庆

• 关键词： 篮球教练员；心理韧性；职业倦怠；领导行为
• Basketball coaches; Psychological resilience; Job burnout; Leadership behaviors
• 摘要： 目的：验证国内青少年篮球教练员的职业倦怠在其心理韧性和领导行为关系中的中介效应。方法：本研究采用Connor–Davidson心理韧性量表（CDRISC）、Maslach工作倦怠问卷（MBI）和运动领导行为量表（LSS）对122名国内青少年篮球男教练员进行问卷调查。结果：（1）心理韧性与情绪衰竭（r=-0.21，p<0.05）、去个性化（r=-0.44，p<0.001）呈显著负相关关系，与成就感（r=0.67，p<0.001）呈显著正相关关系；（2）心理韧性与训练指导行为（r=0.68，p<0.001）、民主行为（r=0.56，p<0.001）、社会支持行为（r=0.53，p<0.001），以及积极反馈行为（r=0.56，p<0.001）呈正相关关系，与专制行为的相关关系不显著（r=0.12，p=0.20）；（3）只有去个性化和成就感与训练指导行为、民主行为以及社会支持行为有显著相关关系（所有p<0.01），成就感还与积极反馈行为有显著相关关系（r=0.47，p<0.001），情绪衰竭与所有领导行为均无显著相关关系（所有p>0.10）;（4）成就感在心理韧性和训练指导行为的关系中起部分中介作用（中介效应3=0.17，95%CI［0.056，0.317］）。本研究结论为具备高心理韧性既能直接促进教练员的非专制性领导行为，还能通过提高工作成就感促进训练指导行为。
• Objective: To verify the mediating effect of job burnout among domestic youth basketball coaches on the relationship between their psychological resilience and leadership behavior. Methods: This study conducted a questionnaire survey among 122 male youth basketball coaches in China using the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), and the Leadership Scale for Sports (LSS). Results: (1) Psychological resilience was significantly negatively correlated with emotional exhaustion (r=-0.21, p<0.05) and depersonalization (r=-0.44, p<0.001), and positively correlated with personal accomplishment (r=0.67, p<0.001); (2) Psychological resilience was positively correlated with training and instruction behavior (r=0.68, p<0.001), democratic behavior (r=0.56, p<0.001), social support behavior (r=0.53, p<0.001), and positive feedback behavior (r=0.56, p<0.001), but not significantly correlated with autocratic behavior (r=0.12, p=0.20); (3) Only depersonalization and personal accomplishment were significantly correlated with training and instruction behavior, democratic behavior, and social support behavior (all p<0.01), while personal accomplishment was also significantly correlated with positive feedback behavior (r=0.47, p<0.001). Emotional exhaustion was not significantly correlated with any leadership behavior dimensions (all p>0.10); (4) Personal accomplishment partially mediated the relationship between psychological resilience and training and instruction behavior (mediation effect= 0.17, 95% CI [0.056, 0.317]). Conclusion: This study concludes that high psychological resilience not only directly promotes coaches’ non-autocratic leadership behavior but also enhances training and instruction behavior through increased job accomplishment.
• DOI： https://doi.org/10.35534/scps.0604039
• 引用： 梁永琳，张国栋．青少年篮球教练员心理韧性和领导行为：职业倦怠的中介效应［J］．中国体育研究，2024，6（4）：449-464．