This paper aims to explore the impact of martial arts short weapon training on the physical fitness of adolescents. By studying relevant theories and analyzing practical cases, it elaborates on the role of martial arts short weapon training in improving the physical fitness of adolescents, including strength, speed, endurance, agility, and flexibility. Additionally, it analyzes the positive significance of martial arts short weapon training for the mental health and social adaptability of adolescents. The study indicates that martial arts short weapon training is a comprehensive sports activity suitable for adolescents and holds significant value for their overall development.