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湖南省青少年羽毛球教练员支持行为与运动员心理韧性的探究

Exploration of Supporting Behavior in Coach and Psychological Resilience in Hunan Province Youth Badminton Athlete

中国体育研究 / 2022,4(2)：87-97 / 2022-07-13 328 406

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• 作者： 龚智超¹      陈瑞芬²      张燕³      谌小峰³      杨建宝²      陈黎阳²     
• 单位：

  1．长沙师范学院，长沙； 
  2．联保部队第 921 医院，长沙； 
  3．湖南省羽毛球运动管理中心，长沙
  

• 关键词： 教练员；支持行为；运动员；心理韧性
• Coach; Support behavior; Athletes; Psychological resilience
• 摘要： 目的：分析湖南省羽毛球青少年教练员支持行为与运动员心理韧性的现状，及两者之间的相关关系，为提高教练员执教能力提供参考。方法：选取2020年1月—2021年12月在湖南省羽毛球队训练的青少年羽毛球运动员60例，采用《人际行为问卷（IBQ）》支持行为问卷（12项）和《心理韧性量表（CD-RISC）》 中文版（25项），从不同性别、年龄和运动等级三方面，针对运动员对教练员人际行为的感知及其心理韧性进行研究。结果：运动员对教练员支持行为的感知及其心理韧性与在性别、年龄和运动等级上存在差异，教练员支持各维度（自 主支持、能力支持和关系支持）能显著正向预测运动员心理韧性水平。结论： 基于教练员支持行为角度提出建议，一是自主支持行为，教练员给予运动员选择的权利与自由；二是能力支持行为，教练员创设挑战性的训练环境；三是关 系支持行为，教练员建立积极有效的带教模式，并实施针对性的执教行为，避免消极的理念和行为。多措并举，从而提升运动员的心理韧性。
• Objective: To analyze the actuality of coaches’ need-supportive behavior and the psychological resilience of young badminton players in Hunan Province, comparing with the correlation. Thus would provide reference for improving the teaching ability of coaches. Method: Selected 60 cases from January 2020 to December 2021 in Hunan province youth badminton athletes, using the interpersonal behavior questionnaire (IBQ) support behavior questionnaire and the psychological toughness scale (CD-RISC) Chinese version, studied from different gender, age, sport-level, the perception of the coaches interpersonal behavior and the psychological toughness of athletes. Results: The Athlete’s perception of coaches’ support behavior and their psychological resilience were different from those in terms of gender, age and sport-level. Coach’s support from various dimensions (independent support, ability support and relationship support) could significantly positively predict the level of psychological resilience of athletes. Conclusion: Based on the coach need-supportive behavior perspective, coaches should give athletes the right and freedom to choose to improve independent support; create a challenging training environment to provide ability support; establish a positive and effective teaching mode, and implement targeted teaching behaviors to avoid negative ideas and behaviors to provide relationship support. Thus could improve the psychological resilience of the athlete.
• DOI： https://doi.org/10.35534/scps.0402009
• 引用： 龚智超，陈瑞芬，张燕，等．湖南省青少年羽毛球教练员支持行为与运动员心理韧性的探究［J］．中国体育研究，2022，4（2）：87-97．