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培育一棵乒乓幼苗过程中若干训练理念和技战术及心理训练方法的思考

Some Training Ideas in the Process of Cultivating a Table Tennis Seedling Thoughts on the Techniques, Tactics and Psychological Training Methods

中国体育研究 / 2019,1(2)：31-51 / 2019-10-29 5822 8773

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• 作者： 熊志超*      廖锋     
• 单位：

  锋恒国际体育有限公司，中国香港

• 关键词： 乒乓球；竞赛与训练；弧圈球；运动技能负迁移；衔接技术；心理技能训练
• Table tennis; Competition and training; Loop drive; Negative transfer of sports skills; Connection technique; Psychological skills training
• 摘要： 乒乓球的教学与训练是一个长期、复杂的系统工程，运动员在“启蒙阶段”“基础阶段”“提高阶段”三个阶段根基打得坚实与否，与教练员正确的训练理念、先进的训练方法息息相关，它对小运动员日后向高水平的“攀登阶段”发展起着至关重要的作用。乒乓球运动的训练内容很多，我们有重点、有选择地对启蒙、基础、提高三个阶段传统训练中存在的三大问题进行深入的探讨。结果表明，不地道的弧圈球教学法；“规范动作”的不规范教学法（“以身教法”）；落后的“先技术后战术”训练法都是阻碍小运动员进步的主要因素，甚至影响其日后“攀登阶段”高水平运动员的向上发展。解决方案，小运动员在“启蒙阶段”应拍形前倾一步到位地学习弧圈球技术；小运动员的“规范动作”应依据世界优秀选手的动作来教学；小运动员应提前在“基础阶段”和“提高阶段”接受衔接技术（技术与战术一体化）和心理训练，把落后的、旧有的训练观念 扭转过来。
• The teaching and training of table tennis are a long-term and complex systematic project. Whether the athletes have a solid foundation in the three stages of　"enlightenment stage","foundation stage"and "improvement stage"are closely related to the correct training concept and advanced training methods of the coaches. It plays an important role in the development of the "higher stage"for small athletes in the future. There are a lot of training contents in table tennis. We focus on and selectively discuss the three problems in the traditional training of enlightenment, foundationand improvement. The results show that the main factors that hinder the progress of small athletes are the non authentic teaching method of Loop drive, the non-standard teaching method of standardized action and the backward training method of "technology first, tactics second", Even affect its future"higher stage"high-level athletes to develop. Solutions: in the "enlightenment stage", the small players should learn the Loop drive skills step by step; the "standard actions"of the small players should be taught according to the actions of the world's top players; the small players shouldreceive the skills(integration of technology and tactics) and psychological training in the"basic stage"and "improvement stage"in advance, so as to turn backward and old training concepts around.
• DOI： https://doi.org/10.35534/scps.0102006
• 引用： 熊志超，廖锋．培育一棵乒乓幼苗过程中若干训练理念和技战术及心理训练方法的思考［J］．中国体育研究，2019，1（2）：31-51．
  https://doi.org/10.35534/scps.0102006