Skeletal muscle comprises approximately 40% of body weight, and is important for locomotion, as well as for metabolic homeostasis. Skeletal muscle growth and regeneration are highly organized processes thus it is not surprising that a high degree of complexity exists in the regulation of these processes. Recently, growing evidence indicates that microRNAs significantly impact muscle growth, regeneration and metabolism. In this review, recent advancements in miRNA function during myogenesis, atrophy, aging, exercise are discussed.