Eucalyptus grows rapidly and be used extensively. It has been the main tree species of fast-growing and high-yield forest in south China and been widely cultivated in various areas. The cultivation of eucalyptus will cause a series of ecological problems, the core of which is the loss of biodiversity. Of this study is based on a region of Lancang, Menglian, Ximeng county a total of 27 giant tails of eucalyptus plantation sample plot investigation, analysis, found that different site conditions of eucalyptus industrial raw material forest understory shrubs species has no significant difference, herbaceous species under different site conditions of no significant difference, and have significantly difference between shrubs and herbs. It provides a theoretical basis for the development of plant species diversity and sustainable management of eucalyptus industrial raw material forest in Yunnan, and has practical significance and practical value for large area eucalyptus planting.