Limestone cave and soil cave are the characteristic geological phenomenon of limestone regions, and those caves may bring serious trouble to the stability of
building's foundation. It is necessary to explore the cave's distributing and adopt effective measures to deal with those caves in limestone regions, where transformer substation will be built. The paper overall discusses the genesis, exploration method, and treatment method of the soil cave and limestone cave in the region where one 220kv substation will be built. It can be used as a reference to similar engineering.