By using the qualitative research method of grounded theory, this study selected posts about sea sports in Sanya City on the Xiaohongshu software as the original data text. It analyzed and summarized three types of influencing factors: the conditions of the surfing shops themselves, the external conditions of the surfing shops, and uncontrollable factors, as well as the three relationship structures among these factors. A conceptual model of influencing factors was established, clarifying the conceptual connotations and action mechanisms of each influencing factor. The future development direction and suggestions for Sanya’s surfing clubs were discussed, promoting the theoretical system of the influencing factors of public participation in surfing.