The arrival of the big data era has accelerated the digital transformation of the economy and society, and new types of crime represented by telecommunication network fraud have shown a high incidence of crime, whose characteristics include the uncertainty of the subject of the crime, the high degree of concealment of the means of operation, and the organization of gangs. At the same time, the leakage of personal information privacy and the abuse of technology further enhance the accuracy and harmfulness of fraud, seriously threatening the safety of citizens' property and social stability. Currently, the governance of telecom network fraud is facing multiple difficulties: rapid iteration of fraudulent technology, outstanding obstacles to cross-border collaboration, dispersed victim groups and difficulties in property recovery. In this regard, there is an urgent need to build a multi-party comprehensive governance mechanism, starting from strengthening public awareness of anti-fraud, deepening international cooperation, improving the technical prevention and control system and other dimensions, to form a closed-loop governance model for the whole chain to combat telecom network fraud.