Since China entered the new era, various attempts and explorations have been made to alleviate the problems of urban land constraints, waste of rural land resources, and the “hollowing out” of villages, greatly promoting the implementation of the policy of centralized rural housing. The implementation of the policy of centralized rural housing has led to a significant improvement in people’s living standards, optimization of land resources and acceleration of the urbanization process. However, comparing the policy objectives with the actual results, the current implementation of the policy is far less than expected, and there are still many difficulties in the concrete implementation. This paper takes the implementation status of rural centralized residence in Suqian City’s relatively backward county S as the research object, and uses the literature research method and field survey method to clarify the implementation status of the rural centralized residence policy in Suqian City’s county S. The policy implementation process is analyzed based on the Smith’s policy implementation process model. Based on Smith’s policy implementation process model, it analyzes the problems that exist in the process of policy implementation in County S, explores their causes, and puts forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions.