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法律移植视角下的可预见性规则：悖论、冲突与融合

Revisiting the Foreseeability Rule in Legal Transplantation: Incoherence, Conflicts, and Adaptation

社会科学进展 / 2025,7(1)：97-104 / 2025-02-19 18 17

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• 作者： 姚心悦     
• 单位：

  上海政法学院，上海

• 关键词： 可预见性规则；法律移植；功能主义；文化主义
• Foreseeability rule; Legal transplantation; Functionalism; Culturalism
• 摘要： 《民法典》第五百八十四条确立的可预见性规则，作为违约损害赔偿的限制规范，在理论与适用上均面临挑战。现有研究主要采用功能主义进路，通过对接不同法系的制度功能来解释规则适用。然而，该进路强调文本相似性，忽视移植国与被移植国的法律语境冲突，导致规则解释不融贯，并引发内在悖论。相比之下，文化主义进路认为法律规则具有固有的法律文化底色，理论的嫁接实则是法律语境的融合。本文基于法律移植理论，剖析可预见性规则的适用困境，揭示功能主义进路的局限，并探讨文化主义视角下的调整方案。
• Article 584 of the Civil Code establishes the foreseeability rule as a limitation on damages for breach of contract. However, its theoretical and practical applications face significant challenges. Existing research primarily adopts a functionalist approach, explaining the rule’s application by aligning institutional functions across different legal traditions. Yet, this approach emphasizes textual similarity while overlooking the deeper conflicts between the legal contexts of the transplanting and transplanted jurisdictions, leading to inconsistencies in interpretation and inherent paradoxes. In contrast, the culturalist approach argues that legal rules possess an intrinsic normative foundation, and theoretical adaptation is, in essence, a fusion of different legal contexts. Based on the theory of legal transplantation, this paper analyzes the challenges in applying the foreseeability rule, critiques the limitations of the functionalist approach, and explores possible adaptations and adjustments from a culturalist perspective.
• DOI： https://doi.org/10.35534/pss.0701017
• 引用： 姚心悦．法律移植视角下的可预见性规则：悖论、冲突与融合［J］．社会科学进展，2025，7（1）：97-104.