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在“非在”与“实存”之间： 审思巴迪欧新唯物主义的活力与困境

Between “Inexistant” and “Existence”: Reflections on the Vitality and Dilemmas of Badiou’s New Materialism

Progress in Social Sciences / 2024,6(5): 1220-1227 / 2024-11-06 103 129

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• Authors: 王倩倩     
• Information:

  兰州大学马克思主义学院，兰州

• Keywords: 马克思；巴迪欧；新唯物主义；非在；实存
• Marx; Badiou; New materialism; Inexistant; Existence
• Abstract: 立足于对唯心主义和旧唯物主义的双重批判，马克思从资本主义意识形态的襁褓中挣脱了出来，以人类主体的社会实践为思想出发点，建构了科学的实践唯物主义。但令人遗憾的是，马克思的实践唯物主义在后世被曲解为一种僵死的决定论，这也激起了学者们重建唯物主义的热情，而法国哲学家巴迪欧则是其中的突出代表。巴迪欧接续阿尔都塞对“物质的偶然性和意外”的强调，借助于数学本体论建构出了在“非在”与“实存”之间的新唯物主义。然而，由于偏离了马克思的实践唯物主义，巴迪欧的理论建构虽然为唯物主义注入了新的活力，但也深陷于困境之中。在一定意义上，审思巴迪欧的新唯物主义的活力与困境，将有助于我国国外马克思主义研究的纵深发展。
• Grounded in a dual critique of idealism and old materialism, Marx broke free from the swaddles of capitalist ideology, and constructed a scientific practical materialism by taking the social practice of human subjects as the starting point of thought. Regrettably, however, Marx’s practical materialism has been misinterpreted in later times as a kind of rigid determinism, and this has aroused the enthusiasm of scholars, of which the French philosopher Alain Badiou is a prominent representative, to reconstruct materialism. Taking over Louis Pierre Althusser’s emphasis on the “material contingency and chance”, Badiou, with the help of mathematic ontology, constructed a new materialism between “inexistant” and “existence”. However, due to the deviation from Marx’s practical materialism, Badiou’s theoretical construction, though injecting new vitality into materialism, is also in deep trouble. In a certain sense, reviewing the vitality and dilemmas of Badiou’s new materialism will help the deep development of foreign Marxist studies in China.
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.35534/pss.0605126
• Cite: 王倩倩．在“非在”与“实存”之间：审思巴迪欧新唯物主义的活力与困境［J］．社会科学进展，2024，6（5）：1220-1227.