With the acceleration of social informatization and globalization, the authenticity and reliability of documents, as important legal evidence and commercial documents, have become particularly important. However, the act of forging documents has also increased, bringing serious harm to society. Therefore, it is particularly urgent and necessary to research and develop effective methods for identifying forged documents. This article aims to systematically explore the identification methods and practical applications of forged documents, comprehensively analyze current technological means and practical cases, and propose some forward-looking suggestions and thoughts.