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事前经历的动机一致性对即时负面内隐态度的影响

The Effect of the Motivational Consistency of Prior Experiences on Immediate Negative Implicit Attitudes

社会科学进展 / 2024,6(3)：734-743 / 2024-06-20 332 293

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• 作者： 范若琳      郑允佳      陈国颖     
• 单位：

  广东金融学院应用心理学系，广州

• 关键词： 相似事前经历；动机一致性；即时负面内隐态度；认知观点采择；情绪观点采择
• Similar prior experiences; Motivational consistency; Immediate negative implicit attitudes; Cognitive perspective taking; Affective perspective taking
• 摘要： 相似经历能消解刻板印象这类固有持久的内隐态度，本研究试图探讨相似经历对即时负面内隐态度的影响及影响机制。实验对比了不同相似程度（完全相同、动机相同和完全不同）的事前经历对个体遭遇负面人际事件后的即时内隐态度和观点采择程度的影响，并进一步探讨了观点采择程度与负面内隐态度之间的关系。结果发现，除了完全不同经历，完全相同或动机相同经历可以对个体即时负面内隐态度产生相同的消解效应，并促使个体进行相同程度的观点采择。此外，个体即时负面内隐态度的消解与其认知和情感观点采择程度呈显著正相关。这说明，事前经历的动机一致性是消解负面内隐态度的关键心理因素，且与个体从认知和情绪层面采择对方观点有关。
• Similar experiences have been found to reduce stereotypes, which are inherently persistentimplicit attitudes. This study explored the impact of similar experiences on immediate negative implicitattitudes and the underlying mechanisms of this influence. The experiment compared the effects of priorexperiences with varying degrees of similarity （completely identical, same motivation, and completelydifferent） on individuals’ immediate implicit attitudes and the extent of perspective-taking followingexposure to negative interpersonal events. Furthermore, the study investigated the relationship betweenthe extent of perspective-taking and negative implicit attitudes. Results indicated that, except forcompletely different experiences, experiences that are completely identical or share the same motivationcan produce the same mitigating effect on individuals’ immediate negative implicit attitudes. Theseexperiences also encourage individuals to engage in perspective-taking to the same degree. Moreover,there is a significant positive correlation between the mitigation of individuals’ immediate negativeimplicit attitudes and the extent of their cognitive and emotional perspective-taking. This suggests thatthe motivational consistency of prior experiences is a key psychological factor in mitigating negativeimplicit attitudes, and the mitigation is related to individuals’ cognitive and affective perspective taking.
• DOI： https://doi.org/10.35534/pss.0603066
• 引用： 范若琳，郑允佳，陈国颖．事前经历的动机一致性对即时负面内隐态度的影响［J］．社会科学进展，2024，6（3）：734-743.