国际中文开源期刊平台

比较法视野下的民事诉讼证明妨碍制度研究

A Study on the System of Burden of Proof in Civil Litigation from a Comparative Law Perspective

社会科学进展 / 2024,6(2)：247-263 / 2024-05-16 120 133

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• 作者： 郑其会     
• 单位：

  上海政法学院，上海

• 关键词： 民事诉讼；证明妨碍；法律效果
• Civil litigation; Obstruction of evidence; Legal effects
• 摘要： 当前的民事诉讼制度中，当事人在收集和提交证据方面发挥着至关重要的作用。然而，为了追求个人利益的最大化，常常出现一种现象，即当事人可能采取破坏、隐藏或拒绝提交证据等方式，以阻碍对方的证明活动。诉讼中的证明妨碍是对诉权的严重侵害，阻碍了诉讼进程的推进与发展，降低了诉讼效率。当务之急就是要通过法律明文规定，对证明妨碍的行为加以严厉制裁，对受到证明妨碍的当事人诉权进行司法救济，以维护诉讼公正。在我国司法实践中，较为突出的证明妨碍类型有知识产权、家事诉讼、侵犯商业秘密等案件类型，并呈现出证明妨碍不断攀升的趋势，展现出多样化的行为方式。然而，我国学术界对证明妨碍的制度研究，尚停在理论与实务衔接不够紧密的阶段。证明妨碍制度的理论研究一直以来就是研究的重心。我们更应聚焦于国际视野中理论与实务界的衔接上下功夫，关注将理论转化至实务的作用当中，参考别国经验，更好地将其中的逻辑真正运用起来。
• In the current civil litigation system, the parties play a crucial rolein gathering and submitting evidence. However, in pursuit of maximizingtheir own interests, it is common to observe a phenomenon where theparties may engage in actions such as destruction, concealment, or refusal tosubmit evidence in order to impede the opposing party's proof activities. Theobstruction of proof in litigation constitutes a serious infringement on the rightto sue, hindering the progress and development of the litigation process, andreducing litigation efficiency. The urgent task at hand is to establish explicitlegal provisions to impose severe sanctions on acts of obstructing proof and toprovide judicial remedies for parties who have suffered from such obstruction,in order to uphold the fairness of the litigation process. In judicial practice inChina, prominent types of proof obstruction include cases related to intellectualproperty rights, family disputes, and infringement of trade secrets. These caseshave shown a growing trend of proof obstruction, with diverse methods ofobstruction being employed. However, the study of proof obstruction in China'sacademic community is still in a stage where the connection between theoryand practice is not sufficiently tight. The theoretical research on the proofobstruction system has always been the focus of investigation. It is important for us to shift our focus to bridging the gap between theory and practicefrom an international perspective, emphasizing the role of translating theoryinto practice, and drawing lessons from the experiences of other countries toeffectively apply the logical framework. We need to employ in-depth methodssuch as comparative research to conduct comprehensive studies on the proofobstruction system, and propose reasonable procedural safeguards andremedies.
• DOI： https://doi.org/10.35534/pss.0602021
• 引用： 郑其会．比较法视野下的民事诉讼证明妨碍制度研究［J］．社会科学进展，2024，6（2）：247-263.