The crime of medical malpractice has the characteristics ofcomplexity and serious consequences. As a special type of crime, the crimeof medical malpractice has the serious harmful behavior of causing death orserious damage to the health of patients. However, there are still many problemsand disputes in the determination of criminal responsibility and judicialpractice in such cases. As a cross-discipline of law and economics, law andeconomics provides a new perspective, focusing on the constitutive elementsand identification standards of the crime of medical malpractice, the criminaldetermination of the crime of medical malpractice, and the prevention andrelief measures from the perspective of law and economics. seek the mostefficient solution, ensure the optimal allocation of resources, and reduce theoccurrence of medical accidents at the lowest cost as much as possible. Thepurpose of this paper is to provide theoretical and practical basis for improvingthe relevant legal system and judicial practice of medical malpractice crime,promote the fair trial and effective prevention of medical malpractice cases, andprotect medical safety and patients' rights and interests.