At the initial stage of the strategy of Guangdong-Hong Kong-
Macao Greater Bay Area(GBA), the effects of various policies and measures
have not yet appeared, it is difficult to carry out empirical analysis, but should
be prepared for the theory as soon as possible. It is necessary and realistic to
study the synergy between population, economy and environment in GBA
and analyze the interrelation between subsystems, which can provide policy
clues for regulating or avoiding adverse consequences. Based on this, this
paper presents a theoretical analysis model consisting of system state, factor
relationship, target function and constraint condition, synergistic mechanism,
etc., and makes mathematical deductions to the theoretical model. This paper
puts forward the theoretical hypothesis of “innovation spillover effect”, that
is, under the condition of the optimal solutions and synergy of the system’s
synergy, innovation can not only produce its own effect, but also produce the
external benefits of synergy by changing the factor relationship. Finally, from
three aspects of the empirical research, policy analysis and situation analysis,
The future research direction is proposed.