This paper introduces the different perspectives of social science on water pollution events, as well as the research progress of water resources allocation, water rights and water market. The causes and solutions of water pollution events can be explained from three aspects: social and cultural transfer, government mechanism and market mechanism. The research on water resources allocation, water rights and water market reflects two ways of water resources allocation Government regulation and market regulation. It is considered that the solution of water problem can not only rely on Natural Science and technology, but also rely on the
intervention of social science. The more effective way to solve water problem is to start with deeper research, from human behavior and concept, and combine the comprehensive means of government regulation and market regulation.