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命运、记忆与小说信念：法语俄侨 作家维克托·塞尔日见证文学的世 界意义

Fate,Memory and Novel Belief:World Meaning of French Russian Writer Victor Serge’s Witness Literature

社会科学进展 / 2021,3(1)：41-81 / 2021-02-26 616 607

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• 作者： 张艺¹      严志军²      李葆嘉³     
• 单位：

  1．南京师范大学外国语学院，南京；
  2．南京师范大学国际合作与交流处，南京；
  3．黑龙江大学俄罗斯语言与文化研究中心，哈尔滨
  

• 关键词： 苏珊·桑塔格 ；维克托·塞尔日； 命运 ；记忆； 真理探索； 小说信念； 共同体 ；世界意义
• Susan Sontag ;Victor Serge ;Fate ; Memory ; Truth; Exploration ;Novel; Belief ;Common-unity ;World meaning
• 摘要： 自2001年高行健应邀在瑞典学院举行的诺贝尔文学奖百年大庆学术研讨会上以“文学的见证——对真实的追求”为题目作演讲，多年以来，见证文学与文学见证越来越受到人们的重视。去年获得诺贝尔文学奖的石黑一雄，第一部小说《远山淡影》可被解读为关于日本移民“内疚和自欺”心理的见证。还原历史、追求真实、叩问真理是见证文学最显著的特点。这些意味着见证文学的作者必须是一位恪守公众知识分子良心的观察者和记录者。被誉为“公众知识分子的良心”的美国作家苏珊·桑塔格早于俄裔见证文学大师维克托·塞尔日的研究者们很长一段时间，迅速对塞尔日的见证小说作出了积极的、热情的反应。桑塔格撰写文章“不灭：为维克托·塞尔日辩护”，为这位被双重遗忘于俄罗斯现代文学与法国现代文学的信仰世界主义的作家生命写作的见证小说作了最具人道主义精神的辩护。通过研读这篇文章，我们不仅又结识了一位祖国俄罗斯的流亡作家，认识到他们的文学信仰和文学成就；更为重要的是，我们在他们寻求接触、展开对话的交往和写作里，意识和感悟到文学的价值在真实性，在克制一己之身的微不足道，在悲悯和同情“他人”的痛苦和不幸。
• Ever since Gao Xingjian gave his invited speech titled“Witness of Literature: Pursuit of the True” in Nobel Literature Prize Centennial Academic Symposium in The Swedish Academy,witness literature and literature as witness have been more and more paid attention to by people for years.The first novel A Pale View of Hills of last year’s Novel Prize Winner Kazuo Ishiguro can also be interpreted as a novel on witness of Japanese immigrants’ mentality of guilt and self-deception.The most significant characteristics of witness literature are historical accuracy,pursuit of reality and inquiry for truth.That is to say, as an author of witness literature,he or she has to be a observer and a recorder with firm conscience of the public intellectuals.American writer Susan Son-tag,who has been praised as “the conscience of the public intellectuals”,made quick,active and enthusiastic response to Victor Serge’s witness novel long time before researchers of Russian Witness Literature master Victor Serge.Sontag writes the article titled“Unextinguished:The Case for Victor Serge” for defending with passionate humanitarianism for life-writing witness novel of an author who believes in cosmopolitism while being doubly forgotten in histories of modern Russian literature and modern French literature.Through studying this article, we are not only acquainted with another Russian writer on exile and get to know their literature be-liefs and achievements.What’s more important, we also are conscious and gnosis of the truth that value of literature lies in authenticity,inferior of self-restraint,sympathy and feeling of compassion for pain and bitterness of “the other” in their association and writing of seeking contacts and insisting on dialogues.
• DOI： https://doi.org/10.35534/pss.0301003
• 引用： 张艺，严志军，李葆嘉．命运、记忆与小说信念：法语俄侨作家维克托·塞尔日见证文学的世界 意义［J］．社会科学进展，2021，3（1）：41-81． https://doi.org/10.35534/pss.0301003