国际中文开源期刊平台

“生死爱欲”何解？灵魂“超脱”与肉体“沉沦”对立*

How to solve the Eros of death problem? Conflict between Soul Detachment and Body Harnessed

社会科学进展 / 2021,3(1)：82-115 / 2021-03-03 634 572

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• 作者： 张艺     
• 单位：

  南京理工大学，南京
  摘

• 关键词： 苏珊·桑塔格；《死亡之匣》；死亡书写；诺斯替主义；接受
• Susan Sontag; Death Kit; Death writing; Gnosticism; Reception
• 摘要： 《死亡之匣》是桑塔格在1965年至1967年人在旅途期间，放弃了不止一部的长篇小说的写作，创作的一部思索已久的“死亡小说”，也是其唯一一部书写战争题材（美国的越南战争）的长篇小说。可是，在其出版这部小说之时，受到了如潮的负评，甚至一度让其失去了小说家的自信。本文回到“苏珊·桑塔格为什么要创作这部小说“的问题，从福柯对“生死爱欲”的思索与小说立意的相通之处入手，通过对该部小说创作过程的考察和文本细读，揭示桑塔格利用“梦中梦”的叙事结构，借用并改编“诺斯替神话”中关于“死亡的道路”这一神话原型，来印证说明其在《反对阐释》中建构的关于“新小说”的理想蓝图，并探讨桑塔格早期创作中的小说观念、身心问题与自我意识之间的错综复杂的关系以及桑塔格式的小说化手法。本文站在作家的创作和读者的接受之间，试图澄清读者解读这部小说时产生的误解，提出，回到作家的创作本身，领悟作家的创作意图。
• Death Kit is a death novel created by Sontag during her journey between 1965 and 1967 after a long time of thinking and abandoned no less than one novel. It is also the only novel written by Sontag on Vietnam War. However, when this novel was published, it received huge negative criticism, which nearly deprived the author’s self-confidence as a novelist. This paper gets back to the question what the intention of this novel is and found it shares many common grounds with Foucault’s Eros of death. Based on reviews on process of the creation of this novel and close reading of it, this paper reveals Sontag takes advantage of “dream in dream” narrative structure and borrows and adapts the myth archetype of “death way” in Gnostic myth as to confirm her ideal blueprint of new novel which she proposed in Against Interpretation. This paper also explores the complex relationship between her concept of novel creation and self-consciousness, her mind-body problem and self-consciousness in her early period and her techniques of novel writing. This paper stands in between the author’s creation and the readers’ reception and tries to clear up misunderstandings of readers while reading this novel. It proposes to go back to the creation itself in order to understand the author’s intention.
• DOI： https://doi.org/10.35534/pss.0301004
• 引用： 张艺．“生死爱欲”何解？灵魂“超脱”与肉体“沉沦”对立——《死亡之匣》中死亡书写研究
  与苏珊·桑塔格自我意识“小说化”评论［J］．社会科学进展，2021，3（1）：82-115．
  https://doi.org/10.35534/pss.0301004