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“自我身份”何求？“自我追寻”与“集体心路”合流 ——《我，及其他》中自我书写研究与苏珊·桑塔格公共知识分子观探析

How to Pursue Self-Identity? Interflow between Self Pursuit and Collective Mentality —Studies on Self Writing in I’ etcetera and Analysis on Susan Sontag’s View of Public Intellectual

社会科学进展 / 2020,2(5)：253-293 / 2020-10-21 489 578

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• 作者： 张艺     
• 单位：

  南京理工大学外国语学院，南京

• 关键词： 苏珊·桑塔格；《我，及其他》；自我书写；身份危机；公共知识分 子观
• Susan Sontag; I’ etcetera; Self writing; Identity crisis; Public intellectual view
• 摘要： 《我，及其他》是苏珊·桑塔格写作生涯中唯一一部短篇小说集。它 的诞生过程，有点像是她在创作和评论之间的一次“幕间”休息。她自己声称， 这是一次“一系列对第一人称进行的冒险”。各路评论者纷纷给以正面评价， 对桑塔格对语言的娴熟运用以及对她的“美国根”令人意外的认同留下了深刻的印象，认为“这是一部调合了抒情的文学性和美国性的作品”；却未曾充分 留意她在后来集结成书的散文化小说的创作中的自我书写，以及她自我的书写 的背后，向读者叙述二战以后成长起来的那一代美国知识精英的心路历程的技 巧。本文借助美国著名符号学家诺伯特·威利的“符号自我”理论，阐释她在 短篇小说创作中对自我的对话性、一致性、社会组织还原、文化还原等命题的 反思与反拨，同时展现她将评论天分融合进入小说创作形式的实验创举。该论 文致力于首发探索，贯穿苏珊·桑塔格求索自我书写与“自我的公共领域”的 一条自我的精神线索与社群的知识氛围——诺斯替主义对其构思及写作的影响。
• I’ etcetera is the only short novel collection created by Sontag during her whole writing journey. Concerning the process of its coming into being, it is like relax “between the acts” while creating and criticizing. According to herself, it is “a series of adventure with first person”. All walks of critics give this collection positive criticism, which leaves deep impressions on her conversant use of languages and her unexpected recognition of her American roots，and believe it is a work blending lyricism and Americanness, while fails to pay full attention to her self writing in the creating of prose short novel and her narration of the generation of collective mentality of American public intellectuals after Second World War behind her self writing. This paper takes advantage of American famous semiologist Norbert Wiley’s theory of Semiotic Self to interpret her introspection on and backwash of problems of dialogism, uniformity, social organizational reduction and cultural reduction of self and at the same time reveals her creational experiences of fusing critical gifts into novel forms. This paper aims to firstly explore what informs Susan Sontag’s pursuit of self writing and public territory of self is a spiritual clue of both self and knowledge atmosphere of community which is called Gnosticism and its influences on both her thinking and writing.
• DOI： https://doi.org/10.35534/pss.0205024
• 引用： 张艺．“自我身份”何求？“自我追寻”与“集体心路”合流——《我，及其他》中自我书写 研究与苏珊·桑塔格公共知识分子观探析［J］．社会科学进展，2020，2（5）：253-293．