With the rapid development of China's petroleum engineering, there are also challenges in public safety. Natural disasters, public health and management and other aspects of public safety risks exist, which seriously affect the quality of China's petroleum engineering production and long-term stable development. Therefore, it is very necessary to do a good job in the context of petroleum engineering public security risks, and take corresponding effective measures to reasonably avoid and reduce the risk of petroleum engineering public safety. This paper mainly analyzes and discusses the current situation of public safety risks in petroleum engineering in China from four aspects of natural disasters, public health, accident situation and comprehensive management, and puts forward a public safety risk early warning method with strong operability and rationality, which is only for the reference of relevant people.