The implementation of the “Double Reduction” policy aims to reduce the academic burden and extracurricular training burden on students, providing a more balanced educational environment for young people. With the policy’s advancement, the educational function of schools in promoting the physical health of adolescents is gradually being given more attention. This study analyzes the impact of the “Double Reduction” policy on the physical health of adolescents and explores how schools should play their main role in this context, proposing strategies such as optimizing the setting of physical education courses, improving the professional competence of teachers, enriching after-school physical activities, and promoting cooperation between schools and families. The study hopes to provide certain policy references for the comprehensive development of the physical health of young people.