At the 20th CPC National Congress, it was proposed that “the cultural and sports sectors should be developed and prospered. Wide-ranging mass fitness activities should be conducted, youth sports work should be strengthened, and mass sports and competitive sports should be promoted comprehensively to accelerate the construction of a sports powerhouse.” Sports culture is an indispensable part of building a sports powerhouse, and campus sports culture is an important foundation for the development of sports culture. High-level athletes at universities play a crucial role in the construction of campus sports culture. Based on the perspective of peer group effects, this study uses literature research, on-site investigation, and expert interviews to explore and analyze the role positioning of high-level athletes at universities in the construction of campus sports. The research findings show that under the influence of peer group effects, the construction of high-level athletic teams at universities has been strengthened, and high-level athletes have gradually become leaders, inspirators, promoters, beneficiaries and advocates in the construction of campus sports culture.