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湖北省射击运动员枪噪声听觉防护意识研究

A Study on Awareness of Auditory Protection against Gun Noise in Shooting Athletes in Hubei Province

休闲运动与健康 / 2024,4(2)：93-97 / 2024-10-17 34 28

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• 作者： 孙玉全      梅慧娴     
• 单位：

  湖北大学体育学院，武汉

• 关键词： 射击运动员；枪噪声；听觉；防护意识
• Shooting athletes; Gun noise; Hearing; Consciousness of protection
• 摘要： 背景：射击运动的高噪音训练环境对运动员听力健康存在潜在影响，提高射击运动员听力防护意识对保护运动员听力具有重要意义。目的：本研究旨在了解射击运动员枪噪声暴露及听力损失的基本情况，探讨射击运动员对枪噪声影响的防护态度和意识，并进行分析与评价，为枪噪声的防治和保护运动员听觉健康提供理论指导。方法：在2023年1月至7月期间，通过对湖北省射击队的跟踪调查，筛选出42名符合条件的射击队运动员作为此次研究对象。通过填写调查问卷及进行纯音测听实验，使用校准后的BD-Ⅱ-116型听觉实验仪器在噪声<30dB的房间内对运动员进行双耳气导纯音检测，评估运动员的语频听力损失情况（>20dB）和高频听力损失情况（>20dB），并研究防护意识与运动员听觉特征的相关性。结果：（1）运动员听觉防护意识的大小与训练年限（χ2=5.839，p=0.016）和枪支类型（χ2=8.145，p=0.004）有关，训练年限长和口径类枪种的运动员听力防护意识较高；有耳鸣情况发生的射击运动员听力防护意识比无耳鸣情况运动员高（χ2=7.0，p=0.008）；（2）射击运动员噪声暴露与对噪声的认知之间存在较好的一致性，运动员对枪噪声的主观判断与听觉防护意识之间亦呈正相关（R=0.403，p=0.008），对枪噪声的认知和听觉防护意识之间呈正向相关性（R=0.402，p=0.008）；（3）与其他因素（如发生噪声性听力损失的风险）相比，教练员的提醒和监督在运动员坚持使用听力保护设备方面发挥着较为关键的作用。结论：尽管大多数运动员对射击的枪噪声具有一定的认知和防范意识，但这种保护意识多停留在认知层面，没有很好地落实到行动当中，教练及相关人员应加强对射击运动员的噪声防护和听觉健康宣教工作，提高其听觉防护意识，做好运动员训练中佩戴听力防护设备的监督，以保护运动员听觉健康。
• Background: The high noise training environment in shooting sports poses a potential threat to athletes' hearing health, and raising the awareness of hearing protection among shooting athletes is of great importance for protecting their hearing. Objective: To understand the basic situation of gun noise exposure and hearing loss among shooting athletes, to explore their attitudes and awareness towards the impact of gun noise and to analyze and evaluate them, and to provide theoretical guidance for the prevention and protection of shooting athletes' auditory health. Methods: Between January and July 2023, by tracking the shooting team of Hubei Province, 42 qualified Hubei Province shooting team athletes were selected as the research objects, and questionnaires were filled in and pure tone audiometry tests were conducted. The BD-Ⅱ-116 type of auditory experiment instrument, which had been adjusted and calibrated, was used to conduct bilateral air conduction pure tone detection of the athletes in a noise <30dB room to judge the athletes' speech frequency hearing loss (>20dB) and high frequency hearing loss (>20dB). And the correlation between protective awareness and the athlete's auditory characteristics was studied. Results: (1) The size of the athlete's hearing protection awareness is related to the training year (χ2=5.839, p=0.016) and gun type (χ2=8.145, p=0.004), and the athletes with longer training years and caliber gun types have higher hearing protection awareness. The hearing protection awareness of shooting athletes with ear ringing is higher than that of athletes without ear ringing (χ2=7.0, p=0.008). (2) There is a good consistency between the exposure to gunshot noise and the cognition of noise among shooting athletes. The subjective judgment of gun noise by athletes is positively correlated with their awareness of auditory protection (R=0.403, p=0.008), and the cognition of gun noise and awareness of auditory protection are positively correlated (R=0.402, p=0.008). (3) Compared with other factors (such as the risk of noise-induced hearing loss), the reminder and supervision of coaches play a more critical role in athletes' persistence in using hearing protection devices. Conclusion: Although most athletes have certain cognition and awareness of gun noise in shooting, this protective awareness only stays at the cognitive level and has not been well implemented in practice. Coaches and relevant personnel should strengthen noise protection and hearing health education for shooting athletes, enhance their awareness of auditory protection, and supervise them to wear hearing protection measures during training to protect their hearing health.
• DOI： https://doi.org/10.35534/lsh.0402016
• 引用： 孙玉全，梅慧娴．湖北省射击运动员枪噪声听觉防护意识研究［J］．休闲运动与健康，2024，4（2）：93-97．