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孤独症儿童24周马术康复训练效果分析

Analysis of the Effect of 24 Week Equestrian Rehabilitation Training on Children with Autism

休闲运动与健康 / 2024,4(1)：103-110 / 2024-05-23 155 150

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• 作者： 朱平江     
• 单位：

  湖北大学体育学院，武汉

• 关键词： 马术康复训练；孤独症儿童；行为心理评估
• Equestrian rehabilitation training; Children with autism; Behavioral psychological assessment
• 摘要： 目的：本项研究旨在探讨马术康复训练作为一种干预措施对改善ASD儿童行为心理和身体形态、机能和素质的有效性，以及对不同量表进行一致性分析，为马术康复训练孤独症儿童提供参考和依据，为不同的孤独症干预实验研究之间的效果比较提供参考。方法：于武汉市三所公立特殊教育学校筛选出20名孤独症儿童，随机分为对照组和实验组（实验组进行马术康复训练，对照组不进行马术康复训练），每组10人。在实验前后以及每4周（第0周开始）对两个组别进行行为心理测试评估。行为心理测试所采取的四种评估量表为：儿童孤独症评定量表（CARS）、自闭症儿童行为量表（ABC）、社交反应量表（SRS）、孤独症治疗评估量表（ATEC）。结果：实验组通过24周的马术康复训练，在CARS、ABC、SRS和ATEC总体评分上显著低于对照组（P<0.05）。其中实验组组内比较：ABC量表的感觉、语言两个维度具有显著性改善（评分降低）（P<0.05），但是生活自理维度存在评分先上升后下降的情况（P<0.05）；ATEC量表的语言、感知维度出现显著性改善（评分降低）（P<0.05）。结论：孤独症儿童经过24周的马术康复训练后，其行为心理层面的核心症状得到显著性改善。最早的改善效果在第4周出现，并在第8周进一步改善。在干预的中后期（12～24周），行为心理层面的核心症状维持在中期的水平。根据ABC量表和ATEC量表的细分维度，24周的马术康复训练对孤独症儿童的语言、感知能力有明显改善作用。
• Objective: This study aims to explore the effectiveness of equestrian rehabilitation training as anintervention measure to improve the behavior, psychology, physical form, function, and quality of childrenwith ASD, and to conduct consistency analysis on different scales, providing reference and basis for equestrianexercise intervention in children with autism, and providing reference for comparing the effects of different autismintervention experiments. Method: This study mainly used literature review method, questionnaire method, interviewmethod, experimental method, and mathematical statistics method. 20 children with autism were randomly dividedinto a control group and an experimental group (the experimental group received equestrian rehabilitation training,while the control group did not receive equestrian rehabilitation training), with 10 people in each group. Conduct behavioral, psychological, physical, functional, and fitness tests and evaluations on the two groups before and afterthe experiment, as well as every four weeks (starting from week 0). The four evaluation scales used in behavioralpsychological testing are: Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS), Autism Child Behavior Scale (ABC), SocialResponse Scale (SRS), and Autism Treatment Evaluation Scale (ATEC). Result: After 24 weeks of equestrianrehabilitation training, the experimental group showed significantly lower overall scores in CARS, ABC, SRS,and ATEC compared to the control group (P<0.05). Among the experimental groups, there was a significantimprovement in the perception and language dimensions of the ABC scale (with a decrease in scores) (P<0.05), butthere was a situation where the scores of the self-care dimension first increased and then decreased (p<0.05); Thelanguage and perception dimensions of the ATEC scale showed significant differences (with a decrease in scores)(p<0.05). Conclusion: After 24 weeks of equestrian rehabilitation training, children with autism have significantlyimproved their core behavioral and psychological symptoms. Its earliest appearance was in the 4th week, andfurther improvement occurred in the 8th week. In the middle and later stages of intervention (12-24 weeks), thecore symptoms at the behavioral and psychological level are maintained at the mid stage level. According to thesubdivision dimensions of the ABC and ATEC scales, a 24 week equestrian exercise intervention has a significantimprovement effect on the language and perceptual abilities of children with autism.
• DOI： https://doi.org/10.35534/lsh.0401019
• 引用： 朱平江．孤独症儿童24周马术康复训练效果分析［J］．休闲运动与健康，2024，4（1）：103-110．