The load and stress on the ankle joint in the three major sports and track and field are high and can easily lead to ankle injuries. These injuries are mainly ankle sprains, ligament tears and ankle synovitis. Athletes should pay attention to protecting the ankle joint when playing the big three and track and field sports, take proper shoes, protective gear and other equipment, and perform proper warm-up and stretching exercises to reduce the occurrence of ankle injuries. In addition, there are two types of treatments for ankle injuries, traditional treatments and new treatments, which can be more effective in promoting ankle joint recovery. The purpose of this paper is to review the research on ankle injuries in the three major sports and track and field,so as to find ankle injury prevention and treatment measures to better protect the health and safety of athletes.