With examination of the relation between translation competence and learners’ factors such as learning strategies, learning motivation and learning concepts, this study proves through empirical research that a learner with higher translation competence is better at finding cause of failure in himself/herself, that applying learning strategies comprehensively, the social strategy in particular, to one’s study, is a direct and strong driver in the improvement of one’s translation competence, and that a learner’s favorable opinion on target language users helps encourage him/her to improve his/her own translation competence and then conduct better cultural communication.