Rapid and effective control of water pollution, improve the quality of water resources and ensure the sustainable development and utilization of water resources are of great significance to promote the sustainable development of economy and society. Based on the analysis of traditional water resources pollution monitoring means and the current situation of monitoring system construction, this paper introduces the construction content, overall design, functional modules and key technologies of river pollution monitoring service system based on spatial information. The development of the system can realize real-time, fast and accurate river pollution monitoring in practical application.