国际中文开源期刊平台

还原“唱论”的昆曲文人清唱传统

Restore Kun Opera Literati’s Tradition of Singing A Cappelle in the “Treatise on Singing” —Reread Gu Wu Lu, a Classical Qing Treatise on Singing

影视戏剧评论 / 2024,4(2)：39-48 / 2024-07-29 46 120

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• 作者： 李璇      邹青     
• 单位：

  江苏第二师范学院，南京

• 关键词： 昆曲清唱；王德晖；徐沅瀓；《顾误录》
• Kunqu singing; Wang Dehui; Xu Yuan-Cheng; Misinformation
• 摘要： 清王德晖、徐沅瀓合著的《顾误录》是一部经典唱论，因其内容多有蹈袭之处而未获较高评价。重读《顾误录》可以发现：首先，《顾误录》为“读书出宰之余”编纂之书，具备以唱曲为“雅乐”之自觉观念，是一部专为文人清唱编纂的唱曲指南。其次，《顾误录》对音韵理论及咬字之法最为看重，且关注实用性唱曲技法。再次，《顾误录》约有一半章节甄选前代唱论观点并融会贯通，其参考资料几乎构成一部“唱论史”；在声腔字腔关系、唱曲心理及行为规范等方面则多有创造之论。因此，《顾误录》是一部兼具系统性、理论性、实用性特点的昆曲清唱理论著作，其“集成性”体现出清中后期传统唱论的理论框架已基本成型；其立足于文人唱曲实践经验的“创造性”则可以看到至少到道光、咸丰时期，昆曲文人清唱传承仍比较有序。由此，《顾误录》价值就不仅在于对昆曲歌唱理论的集成与创造，还便于我们理解清代中期至民国时期唱论发展的逻辑关系。
• The Gumislu, co-written by Wang Dehui and Xu Yuancheng in Qing Dynasty, is a classic singing theory, but it has not been highly appraised because of its content. Rereading the book, we can find that: First of all, the book is compiled for "reading out of the book", with the conscious idea of singing as "elegant music", is a singing guide specially compiled for literati. Secondly, Gu Erlu pays the most attention to the theory of phonology and the method of articulation, and pays attention to the practical singing techniques. Thirdly, about half of the chapters of the book select and integrate the views of the previous generation of singing theory, and its reference materials almost constitute a "history of singing theory"; There are many theories of creation in the relation of voice, character and voice, singing psychology and behavior norms. Therefore, the book is systematic, theoretical and practical The "integration" of the characteristic works on the theory of singing in Kunqu shows that the theoretical framework of the traditional singing theory in the middle and late Qing Dynasty has been basically formed. Its "creativity" based on the practical experience of literati singing can be seen at least to Daoguang, Xianfeng period, Kunqu literati Qing The succession of singing is still relatively orderly. Therefore, the value of Gu Lu lies not only in the integration and creation of the singing theory of Kunqu Opera, but also in our understanding of the logical relationship between the development of singing theory from the middle of Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China.
• DOI： https://doi.org/10.35534/fttr.0402006
• 引用： 李璇，邹青．还原“唱论”的昆曲文人清唱传统——重读清代经典唱论《顾误录》［J］．影视戏剧评论，2024，4（2）：39-48．