With the stable development of Chinese economic society, it provides sufficient external conditions for further promoting the interest rate liberalization, a series of sophisticated financial system and mechanism have been gradually established. The interest rate liberalization creates a more comfortable and effective financial environment for the development of the banking, but also intensifies the competition in the industry, the business structure and management style are facing with great innovation, which puts forward greater requirements for the asset liability management of commercial banks. By combing the development process of China’s interest rate liberalization, this paper discusses the main achievements and existing problems of each stage of interest rate liberalization. Based on this, this paper analyzes the impact of the continuous promotion of interest rate liberalization on the asset liability management of commercial banks, and probes into the optimization paths in the Current Situations.