The development of clinical medicine and the overall improvement of medical level need the promotion of clinical medical teaching, especially for the anesthesia discipline with strong practicality, the improvement of clinical teaching level is of great significance for solving various complex clinical anesthesia problems. As a teaching method combining theory and practice, clinical case discussion plays a more and more important role in clinical teaching, and its application in clinical teaching of Anesthesiology will also have outstanding effect. This paper mainly discusses the specific role of clinical case discussion in clinical teaching of anesthesiology.