With the continuous expansion of the reproduction scale of human society and the cumulative effect of long-term unreasonable use of environmental resources, the scope and extent of environmental pollution and damage have been continuously expanded and deepened. Environmental resources have increasingly become "scarce" resources with the social attribute of "commodity". The law of value plays a role in the reproduction of human society and the exchange of environmental resources. The more we deviate from this law of exchange, the more serious the environmental pollution and destruction becomes. The goals of protecting the environment, controlling population and economic development are the same.