This paper analyzes the causes of the externality of environmental resources and the external diseconomy of environmental protection--the root loopholes in environmental legislation by means of the interdisciplinary analysis methods of legal economics and social law. The author believes that in the current environmental legislation, due to the unclear nature and ownership of environmental resources, the establishment of the system of paid use of environmental resources lacks legislative basis, thus making environmental protection become an external economic behavior of polluters, which is the crux of the long-term dificult implementation of environmental protection laws. At the same time, the author analyzes and studies the relevant countermeasures to solve the environmental protection problems, and puts forward some simple opinions.