国际中文开源期刊平台

浅析矿山水土污染与防治对策

Analysis of Water and Soil pollution in Mines and Countermeasures

环境与资源 / 2021,3(1)：38-47 / 2021-03-18 538 517

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• 作者： 丁莉     
• 单位：

  长江大学，荆州

• 关键词： 矿山环境；水土污染；矿山污染物；污染评价
• Mine environment; Water and soil pollution; Mine pollutants; Pollution assessment
• 摘要： 矿山水土环境污染是采矿活动引发的主要环境地质问题之一，我国矿山数量众多，水土污染比较普遍， 尤以金属矿山最为严重，矿山水土污染防治是今后开展国土空间生态保护修复的重要内容。文章基于全国矿山 地质环境摸底调查成果资料，对矿业活动不同阶段的水土污染风险，以及不同矿山的水土污染类型、特征和污 染物迁移演化规律等进行了研究。分析指出：矿业活动过程包括勘探、建矿、开采、洗选、冶炼等多个阶段， 而水土污染风险贯穿于矿业活动全过程，不同阶段的污染风险不同；矿产资源开发造成的水土污染物类型、特 征因开采的矿产类型不同而不同，呈现出特征污染物与矿体母岩的高度相关性；矿山及其周边的污染物的迁移 作用受污染物自身的物理化学性质和外界环境条件的影响，在矿山长期持续开采条件下矿山水土污染物存在累 积效应，而矿产资源集中开采区的污染物扩散表现出叠加效应；通过某典型水土环境污染分析评价案例研究， 初步证实了上述推断。根据我国矿山水土环境污染的多发性和复杂性特点，建议今后加强矿山水土污染防治应 区分不同类型矿山、不同地质环境条件、不同污染物特征、不同污染程度等，采取分类施策、系统修复、标本 兼治，实现矿山环境明显改善。
• Water and soil pollution in mines is one of the main environmental geological problems caused by mining activities. There are a large number of mines in China, and water and soil pollution is common, especially in metal mines. The prevention and control of water and soil pollution in mines is an important content of ecological protection and restoration of land and space in the future. Based on the survey data of national mine geological environment, this paper studies the risk of water and soil pollution in different stages of mining activities, as well as the types and characteristics of water and soil pollution and the migration and evolution of pollutants in different mines. It is pointed out that the process of mining activities includes exploration, construction, mining, washing, smelting and other stages, and the risk of water and soil pollution runs through the whole process of mining activities, and the pollution risk in different stages is different; the types and characteristics of water and soil pollutants caused by the development of mineral resources are different The results show that the characteristics of pollutants are highly correlated with the ore body parent rock; the migration of pollutants in the mine and its surrounding areas is affected by the physical and chemical properties of the pollutants themselves and the external environmental conditions, and the water and soil pollutants in the mine are accumulated under the condition of long-term continuous mining Through a case study of a typical water and soil environmental pollution analysis and evaluation, the above inference is preliminarily confirmed. According to the frequent and complex characteristics of mine water and soil pollution in China, it is suggested that the prevention and control of mine water and soil pollution should be strengthened in the future. Different types of mines, different geological environment conditions, different pollutant characteristics and different pollution degrees should be distinguished, and classified measures should be taken, systematic restoration and standard and cost control should be taken to achieve obvious improvement of mine environment.
• DOI： https://doi.org/10.35534/er.0301004c
• 引用： 丁莉．浅析矿山水土污染与防治对策［J］．环境与资源，2021，3（1）：38-47． https://doi.org/10.35534/er.0301004c