In recent years, with the deepening of reform and opening up, China's economy has been a rapid development opportunity. With the continuous development of economy, natural environment problems have gradually become the focus of attention. The development of heavy industry needs to continuously discharge industrial waste water and waste gas into the environment, which causes serious pollution to the natural environment and cannot achieve the sustainable development of environment and economy. According to the current situation, this paper starts with the relationship between environmental resources and economy, and briefly puts forward the main theory of natural environment resources and economic development. From the perspective of moderation, it establishes the model of harmonious development between the two, and studies how to achieve sustainable development of environment and economy from different levels.