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论网络谣言鉴别与处罚标准的构成——以犯罪四要件理论为框架

On the Identification of Internet Rumors and the Constitution of Punishment Standards: Based on the Theory of Four Elements of Crime

中国新闻评论 / 2020,1(1)：20-30 / 2020-10-26 606 623

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• 作者： 石永军¹*      杨帆¹      陈春伟²     
• 单位：

  1.中南财经政法大学新闻与文化传播学院，武汉；
  2.汕头大学新闻学院，汕头

• 关键词： 网络谣言；谣言辨析标准；犯罪四要素理论；谣言处罚
• Internet rumors; Rumor discrimination standard; Four elements of crime theory; Rumor punishment
• 摘要： 为维护社会秩序稳定，政府积极开展网络谣言治理活动，但只有治理对象明确，打击的精准度才能提高，进而维护法律适用和个人行为的可预测性，达到稳定公共秩序的目的。本文从谣言的定义入手，以犯罪构成四要件理论为基础，认为应从主观意图、客观事实、危害后果三方面对谣言进行界定，秉持真实性和审慎原则，构建一套较为全面的谣言辨析标准，提升网络谣言治理的精度和效率，并且在辨别谣言的基础上，通过威慑理论为基础构建谣言处罚矩阵，以期能够为谣言的辨别和处罚形成一套较为完整的理论体系。
• In order to maintain social order and stability, the government actively carries out network rumor governance activities, but only when the governance object is clear, the accuracy of the attack can be improved, and then the predictability of law application and individual behavior can be maintained to achieve the purpose of stabilizing public order. Starting from the definition of rumors, based on the theory of four elements of crime constitution, this paper holds that rumors should be defined from three aspects: subjective intention, objective facts and harmful consequences. Adhering to the principles of authenticity and prudence, a set of more comprehensive criteria for rumor discrimination is constructed to improve the accuracy and efficiency of Internet rumor governance. On the basis of distinguishing rumors, deterrence theory is adopted as the basis In order to form a relatively complete theoretical system for the identification and punishment of rumors, this paper constructs the rumor punishment matrix.
• DOI： https://doi.org/10.35534/cnr.0101003
• 引用： 石永军，杨帆，陈春伟．论网络谣言鉴别与处罚标准的构成——以犯罪四要件理论为框架［J］．中国新闻评论， 2020，1（1）：20-30．