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形象痕迹同一认定的科学性问题研究

Research on the Scientific Issues of Identity Recognition of Image Traces

刑事司法科学与治理 / 2024,5(1)：25-32 / 2024-06-05 211 299

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• 作者： 王梓明     
• 单位：

  中南财经政法大学刑事司法学院，武汉

• 关键词： 形象痕迹；同一认定理论；科学性
• Image traces; Theory of individualization; Scientific
• 摘要： 形象痕迹是指有形客体在另一客体上产生的那些具有外表结构特征的反映体。同一认定理论是形象痕迹检验的科学基础，人们在长期的司法实践中总结形成并广泛应用于痕迹检验领域。随着科学技术的发展，形象痕迹检验工作逐渐完善，但部分形象痕迹同一认定的科学性仍遭受质疑。本文通过梳理形象痕迹同一认定理论及模式，探讨各类形象痕迹同一认定存在的科学性问题，认为形象痕迹同一认定可以从三个方面提高科学性：（1）加强数字化、自动化比对方法的研究，建立各类痕迹特征数据库；（2）痕迹检验过程标准化、规范化；（3）细化形象痕迹似然比评价方法。
• Image traces refer to the reflection bodies with external structural characteristics produced by tangible objects on another object. The theory of identity recognition is the scientific foundation of image trace inspection, which has been summarized and widely applied in the field of trace inspection through long-term judicial practice. The inspection of image traces has gradually improved with the development of science and technology, but the scientific validity of identifying certain image traces remains questionable. This article explores the scientific issues in the identification of various types of image traces by sorting out the theories and models of the identification of image traces. It is believed that the identification of image traces can be improved in three aspects: 1. Strengthen the research on digital and automated comparison methods, and establish databases of various types of trace features; 2. Standardization and normalization of the trace inspection process; 3. Refine the likelihood ratio evaluation method for image traces.
• DOI： https://doi.org/10.35534/cjsg.0501004
• 引用： 王梓明．形象痕迹同一认定的科学性问题研究［J］．刑事司法科学与治理，2024，5（1）：25-32．