Due to the ambiguity of the concept of online rumor crime in its basic composition, and its conviction standards have not yet reached a conclusion, the actual work of online rumor crime governance urgently needs corresponding theoretical support. This paper adopts literature research method, qualitative analysis method, normative analysis method and other research methods, starting from the substantive characteristics and manifestations of online rumor crime, analyzes the basic composition of online rumor crime, analyzes the necessity of governance with the harm of online rumor crime, and then analyzes the current dilemma of criminal governance of online rumor crime according to the formation causes of online rumor crime. This paper analyzes the governance of online rumor crime from three aspects: identification standards, accountability and collaborative governance mechanism, and provides reference for the research on countermeasures for online rumor crime governance.