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帮助信息网络犯罪活动罪的适用困境与理论辨析——基于司法实践与社会犯罪的启示

Help the Applicable Dilemma and Theoretical Analysis of Information Network Criminal Activity Arime —is Based on Judicial Practice and the Enlightenment of Social Crime

刑事司法科学与治理 / 2022,3(2)：66-75 / 2023-01-28 305 446

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• 作者： 王瑞涛¹      张静茹²      秦冠英³     
• 单位：

  1．甘肃省兰州市城关区人民法院，兰州； 
  2．中南财经政法大学刑事司法学院，武汉； 
  3．甘肃政法大学，兰州

• 关键词： 帮信罪；帮助行为；正犯行为；共犯行为
• Help letter crime; Help behavior; Criminal behavior; Accomplice behavior
• 摘要： 随着网络科技信息的日益数字化，“算法”导致个人隐私信息变得透明，利用网络实施犯罪行为，侵犯刑法保护法益的风险急剧升高。网络诈骗犯罪方式和类型日益增多，成为破坏社会秩序，危害人民群众财产安全的巨大隐患，而类似提供结算服务、技术支持的网络信息帮助行为也为网络空间犯罪大开方便之门，帮助信息网络犯罪活动成为游离于帮助行为与实行行为的边际行为，但自我国刑法增设帮助信息网络犯罪活动罪以来，就其司法实践而言，“两高”仅专门出台过《关于办理非法利用信息网络、帮助 信息网络犯罪活动等刑事案件适用法律若干问题的解释》《关于办理电信网络诈骗等刑事案件适用法律若干问题的意见（二）》等规定，而我国刑法并未对本罪作任何实质上的修改和解释。本罪在实践中的适用仍存在诸多困惑，如本罪行为的定性、处罚轻重的依据等问题。故帮助行为是否可以被认作系一种具有潜在风险，因需要提前预防危害而被纳入刑法规范体系的单独犯罪行为，虽与被帮助对象实施的犯罪联系紧密，却与其不成立共犯关系。基于此，是否可以回应帮助行为并不是“帮助行为正犯化”，也不是“量刑规则说”，更不是“帮助犯的正犯化”。因而在司法实践当中，在认定帮助行为的危害程度及判处刑罚时应从这种行为本身出发，而不是将该行为与被帮助者所犯的罪联结在一起，如此也与罪刑相适应原则相一致，能够实现理论与实践的统一与自恰。
• With the increasing digitization of network technology information, “algorithm” leads to personal privacy information becoming transparent, and the risk of committing criminal acts and violating the interests of criminal law protection increases sharply. The ways and types of network fraud crime are increasingly innovative, Become a huge hidden danger of destroying social order and the safety of people’s property, Similar network information assistance behaviors of providing settlement services and technical support also open the door for cyberspace crimes, Helping information network crime becomes a marginal behavior free from helping behavior and practicing behavior, However, since China’s criminal law has added the crime of helping information network criminal activities, In terms of its judicial practice, The Supreme People’s Court and the Supreme People’s Procuratorate has only specially issued the Interpretation on Several Issues concerning the Application of the Law in Handling Criminal Cases such as Illegal Use of Information Network and Helping Information Network Criminal Activities, the Opinions on Several Issues concerning the Application of the Law in Handling Criminal Cases of Telecom and Network Fraud (2) and other provisions, And our country criminal law does not make any substantive amendment and interpretation of this crime.There are still many puzzles in the application of this crime in practice, such as the nature of this crime and the basis of the severity of punishment. Therefore, whether the help behavior can be recognized as a separate criminal behavior with a potential risk and is included in the criminal law standard system because of the need to prevent the harm in advance is closely related to the crime committed by the help object, but it does not establish an accomplice relationship with it. Based on this, whether we can respond to helping behavior is not “helping behavior behavior”, nor “sentencing rules”, nor “helping criminal behavior”. Therefore, in judicial practice, when determining the harm degree of the helping behavior and imposing the punishment, we should start from the behavior itself, rather than connecting the behavior with the crime committed by the helper, which is also consistent with the principle of adaptation to the crime and punishment, and can realize the unity and self-correctness of theory and practice.
• DOI： https://doi.org/10.35534/cjsg.0302010
• 引用：

  王瑞涛，张静茹，秦冠英．帮助信息网络犯罪活动罪的适用困境与理论辨析——基于司法实践与社会犯罪的启示［J］．刑事司法科学与治理，2022，3（2）：66-75．