The abuse of new psychoactive substances has brought serious challenges to China’s anti-drug work. Although China has strengthened the control of new psychoactive substances, there are still some control difficulties, such as imperfect early warning and monitoring mechanisms, relatively slow legislation, differences in domestic and foreign laws and the poor effects of education and advocacy. As a result, the abuse of new psychoactive substances still exists in China. In this regard, China should continue to strengthen the control of new psychoactive substances from six aspects: improving monitoring and early warning mechanisms, improving laws and regulations, strengthening departmental cooperation, doing a good job in publicity and education, strengthening scientific research, and conducting international law enforcement cooperation.