国际中文开源期刊平台

论我国小额诉讼程序的法律完善

On the Legal Perfection of Small Claims Procedure in China

法学进展 / 2024,6(4)：425-436 / 2024-11-15 9 7

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• 作者： 张友淼     
• 单位：

  上海政法学院法律学院，上海

• 关键词： 小额诉讼程序；司法效率；“案多人少”；权利救济
• Small claims procedure; Judicial efficiency; “Many cases and few judges”; Right protection
• 摘要： 改革开放以来，我国民事案件数量明显增多并且情况也愈发复杂，大批量民事案件涌入基层人民法院，使得“案多人少”的问题更加突出。为了缓解这一问题，我国《民事诉讼法》在2012年增设了小额诉讼程序。但是，小额诉讼程序在司法实践中的可操作性不高，并不能很好地实现立法者的立法目标。本文通过对小额诉讼程序进行纵向上的比较梳理，发现其在司法实践中存在着与简易程序区分度低、程序利益保障不足等的问题。通过横向比较考察，找寻域外国家小额诉讼程序先进的立法和司法经验。最后结合我国的基本国情，提出了单设“立审执一体化”小额法庭、构建多元化的纠纷解决机制等的完善路径，以期对我国小额诉讼程序进行完善，进而促进案件的繁简分流和推进司法体制改革。
• Since the reform and opening up, the number of civil cases in China has increased significantly and the situations have become increasingly complex. A large number of civil cases have flooded into the basic people’s courts, making the “many cases and few judges” problem more prominent. In order to alleviate this problem, China’s Civil Procedure Law added the small claims procedure in 2012. However, the operability of the small claims procedure in judicial practice is not high, and it cannot effectively achieve the legislator’s legislative goals. This paper compares the small claims procedure in a longitudinal manner and finds that it has low distinction from the simplified procedure and insufficient procedural interest protection in judicial practice. Through a cross-country comparative examination, it seeks advanced legislative and judicial experience in the small claims procedure of foreign countries. Finally, based on China’s basic national conditions, it proposes the improvement path of setting up a “trial, trial, execution” small claims court separately and building a diversified dispute resolution mechanism, in order to promote the case division and simplification and advance the judicial system reform in China.
• DOI： https://doi.org/10.35534/al.0604035
• 引用： 张友淼．论我国小额诉讼程序的法律完善［J］．法学进展，2024，6（4）：425-436.