As the “Belt and Road” initiative continues to advance, exchanges in the economic, trade, and cultural fields, including sports events, between China and Central Asia have become increasingly frequent. Sports events, being an integral part of cultural exchange, have seen their influence expand within the region. Accompanying this process, the issue of intellectual property related to sports events has gained more attention. This study delves deeply into the mechanisms of exchange and sharing of sports events intellectual property rights within the “Belt and Road” framework between China and Central Asia. Employing methods such as literature analysis, comparative studies, and semi-structured interviews, the study systematically examines the current state, existing issues, and the background factors of intellectual property rights in sports events between China and Central Asia, and constructs a theoretical model of exchange and sharing based on the findings. The research found that disparities in the management and legislation of sports events intellectual property rights between China and the Central Asian countries result in inequivalence in rights protection. In terms of sharing mechanisms, elements such as legal aid, the construction of copyright trading platforms, and the conclusion of bilateral and multilateral cooperation agreements play central roles. To effectively address these issues, the study suggests improving the legal framework for intellectual property rights of sports events, strengthening international cooperation and exchange, building intellectual property information sharing platforms, and training professional personnel. The research results aim to provide insights and reference for the protection of intellectual property rights in sports events under the “Belt and Road” initiative for China and Central Asian countries, while also having significant importance in promoting regional sports cultural exchange and cooperation, and encouraging the healthy development of the sports industry.