国际中文开源期刊平台

我国自甘风险规则的法解释学研究

The Legal Hermeneutics Research on the Rule of Assumption of Risk in China

法学进展 / 2022,4(4)：174-185 / 2022-11-15 381 329

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• 作者： 李沁怡      张瑜     
• 单位：

  上海政法学院，上海

• 关键词： 自甘风险；与有过失；免责事由
• Assumption of risk; Contributory negligence; Exoneration from liability
• 摘要： 《民法典》第1176条是我国从立法层面首次确立自甘风险规则，但司法实务中尚未形成较为统一的裁判标准，“同案不同判”的情况仍时有发生。通过对自甘风险的构成要件和法律效果的分析，可以得出我国自甘风险规则仅适用于具有一定风险的文体活动这一特定类型。行为人碰撞、击打等违法性行为在文体活动的特殊场景下被合法化，使得行为人的侵权责任得以免除，对于具有一定风险的非文体活动则不得随意类推适用自甘风险，而应当综合考虑行为人和受害人的过错，适用与有过失规则。
• Article 1176 of the Civil Code is the first time to establish assumption of risk from the legislative level, but the judicial practice has not yet formed a unified standard, the same case different judgment still occurs. Through the analysis of the constituent elements and legal effects of assumption of risk, it can be concluded that assumption of risk rules in China are only applicable to the specific type of cultural and sports activities with certain risks. The illegal behaviors such as collision and hitting of the actor are legalized in the special scene of cultural and sports activities, which makes the tort liability of the actor exempted. For non cultural and sports activities with a certain risk, it is not allowed to apply assumption of risk by analogy, but should comprehensively consider the fault of the actor and the victim, and apply contributory negligence.
• DOI： https://doi.org/10.35534/al.0404017
• 引用： 李沁怡，张瑜．我国自甘风险规则的法解释学研究［J］．法学进展，2022，4（4）：174-185．