国际中文开源期刊平台

浅谈法学院教育——美国经验与中国路径

Discussion on Law Education—American Experience and Chinese Path

法学进展 / 2022,4(1)：35-44 / 2022-02-09 373 384

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• 作者： 胡晓宇     
• 单位：

  湖南大学法学院，长沙
  

• 关键词： 法学教育；医学教育；共通性
• Legal education; Medical education; Convergence
• 摘要： 医学与法学是世界上的两大古老学科，从大学诞生的那一天起，就一直是西方大学教育的重要组成部分。医学教育与法学教育有很多共通之处两者都是专业教育，都是为了培养职业工作者。这一点在美国体现得尤其明显。美国的医学院与法学院都是本科后专业教育，目的是培养合格的律师与医师，因此具有很强的职业导向性，也极其注重培养学生的职业技能与实践能力。医学教育尤其如此。美国的四年制医学院，前两年学习医学基础知识，后两年接触病人，进行临床学习，考试合格毕业后还要参加一年的住院医师训练，方能成为执业医师。 三年制的法学院同样注重实践教学，不但通过苏格拉底对话式的案例教学法，培养学生的分析技巧与法律思维，还设有模拟法庭，让学生熟悉庭审程序与辩护策略。法律诊所教育是美国法学院向医学院学习的一大创新，体现了法学教育与医学教育之间的共通性，也说明法学教育改革可以借鉴像医学教育这样的外部资源。在美国历史上，法学教育的成功确实在很大程度上受到了医学教育改革的启发与影响。
• Medicine and law are two ancient disciplines in the world. Since the birth of universities, they have been an important part of western university education. Medical education and legal education have a lot in common both are professional education, both are designed to prepare professional workers. This is particularly true in the US. Both medical and law schools in the United States are post-undergraduate professional education, aiming to cultivate qualified lawyers and physicians. Therefore, they are highly career-oriented and attach great importance to cultivating students’ professional skills and practical ability. This is especially true of medical education. A four-year medical school in the United States, the first two years to learn basic medical knowledge, the second two years to contact patients, clinical learning, passing the exam after graduation, but also to participate in a year of residency training, to become a licensed physician. The three-year law school also focuses on practical teaching. It not only cultivates students’ analytical skills and legal thinking through the Case method of Socratic dialogue, but also has a moot court to familiarize students with trial procedures and defense strategies. Legal clinic education is a great innovation that American law schools learn from medical schools, which reflects the commonness between legal education and medical education, and also shows that the reform of legal education can learn from external resources like medical education. In American history, the success of legal education is inspired and influenced by the reform of medical education to a great extent.
• DOI： https://doi.org/10.35534/al.0401004c
• 引用： 胡晓宇．浅谈法学院教育——美国经验与中国路径［J］．法学进展，2022，4（1）：35-44．