国际中文开源期刊平台

浅谈我国个人破产制度的构建

On the Construction of Personal Bankruptcy System in China

法学进展 / 2022,4(2)：71-79 / 2022-04-11 408 301

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• 作者： 孙鼎铭     
• 单位：

  上海市虹口区人民法院，上海

• 关键词： 个人破产；制度；构建
• Personal bankruptcy; System; Structure
• 摘要： 在我们国家个人破产立法一直没有正式实行，导致此问题出现的原因是该理论在我们国家一直饱受争议，因此一直用替代性制度作为替代。替代性制度经过一 段时间的实践，许多不足暴露出来，因此，我们国家个人破产立法及制度的实行势在必行。从我们国家当前的发展情况来看，个人破产制度实行的外部条件 已经具备，包括：近些年保持稳定增长的经济、个人征信体系全面建立及社会保障制度的成熟。通过对国外相关立法的借鉴及实践经验，个人破产立法上采 取的是狭义的一般个人破产模式，并且此项法律实行的主体中不包含农村居民，同时，要谨防此项制度被滥用，因此在制度的建立上要坚持两点：第一，为了 在个人破产制度、社会福利与社会保障三者间建立良性的互动，首先要将配套的设施完善，将社会的福利水平进行整体的提高；第二，为了减少纠纷，不仅 要将申请的门槛提高，在程序的设置上，要设置必要的前置、简化程序及严格的失权和复权制度。
• In our country, personal bankruptcy legislation has not been formally implemented. The reason for this problem is that the theory has been controversial in our country, so it has been replaced by alternative system. After a period of practice, many deficiencies of the alternative system have been exposed. Therefore, the implementation of personal bankruptcy legislation and system in our country is imperative. From the current development of our country, the external conditions for the implementation of the personal bankruptcy system have been met, including the stable growth of the economy in recent years, the comprehensive establishment of the personal credit investigation system and the maturity of the social security system. Through the reference and practical experience of relevant foreign legislation, the early personal bankruptcy legislation adopts the general personal bankruptcy model in a narrow sense, and the subject of this law does not include rural residents. At the same time, we should guard against the abuse of this system. Therefore, we should adhere to two points in the establishment of the system: first, in order to improve the personal bankruptcy system To establish a benign interaction between social welfare and social security, we should first improve the supporting facilities and improve the social welfare level as a whole; Second, in order to reduce disputes, we should not only raise the threshold of application, but also set up necessary pre-processing, simplified procedures and strict loss of power and restoration system in the setting of procedures.
• DOI： https://doi.org/10.35534/al.0402007
• 引用： 孙鼎铭．浅谈我国个人破产制度的构建［J］．法学进展，2022，4（2）：71-79．